Namdeo Dhasal

Namdeo Dhasal was born in a village near Poona, India, in 1947. As a member of the Dalits, the casteless (or ›untouchables‹) he grew up in direst poverty. Dhasal spent his childhood in Golpitha, a red-light district in Mumbai/Bombay, where his father worked for a butcher. Following the example of the American Black Panther movement, he founded the Dalit Panther with friends in 1972. This militant organisation supported its radical political activism with provocative pamphlets. Dhasal was one of the most famous and most outspoken members of this group.
In 1973 he published his first volume of poetry, »Golpitha«, which caused an uproar in literary circles. It was followed by further poetry collections, among them »Moorkh Mhataryane« (t: The Foolisch Old Man), inspired by Maoian thoughts, the volume »Tuhi Iyatta Kanchi?« (t: How educated are you?), the erotic poems »Khel«, and »Priya Darshin« about the Indian Prime Minister Indira Ghandi. Apart from two novels he also published pamphlets such as »Andhale Shatak« (t: Century of Blindness) and »Ambedkari Chalwal«, a reflection on the socialist and communist concepts of B.R. Ambedkar, the founder of the Dalit movement.
In 1982 cracks began to appear in the Dalit movement. Ideological disputes gained the upper hand and eclipsed the common goal. Dhasal wanted to engender a mass movement and widen the term Dalit to include all oppressed people, but the majority of his comrades insisted on maintaining the exclusivity of their organization. Serious illness and alcohol addiction overshadowed the following years, during which Dhasal wrote very little. During the 1990s he became more politically active. Dhasal currently holds a national office in the Indian Republican Party, formed by the merger of all Dalit parties. His work has earned him many honours and prizes.
The Dalit literature tradition is very old, although the term was only introduced officially in 1958. Dhasal was greatly inspired by the work of Baburo Bagul, who employed photographic realism to draw attention to the circumstances which those deprived of their rights from birth have to endure. Dhasal’s innovative poems broke away from formal and stylistic conventions. His use of vulgar language offended literary taste. He wrote in Marathi, the official language of the state of Maharashtra, but included many words and expressions which only the Dalits normally used. In »Golpitha«, for example, he adapted his language to that of the red-light milieu, which shocked middle-class readers.
The Establishment’s assessment of Dhasal’s political, as opposed to his artistic, achievements may differ drastically, but for the writer they are inextricably linked. In an interview in 1982 he said that if the aim of social struggles was the removal of unhappiness, then poetry was necessary because it expressed that happiness vividly and powerfully. Later he stated, »Poetry is politics«. Dhasal adheres to this principle in his private life. He told the photographer Henning Stegmüller, »I enjoy discovering myself. I am happy when I am writing a poem, and I am happy when I am leading a protest of prostitutes fighting for their rights.«
Recently Dhasal wrote colums for the Marathi newspaper »Daily Saamana«, read by 60 million poeple, and worked as an editor for »Weekly Satyata«. He published the two collections of poetry »Mee Marle Suryachya Rathaache Saat Ghode« (t: I killed the seven Horses of the Sun King) and »Tuze Boat Dharoon me Chalallo Aahe« (t: Holding the father’s finger the child is following him). For his political oeuvre Dhasal was honoured with numerous prizes such as the Soviet Land Nehru Award (1974), the Maharashtra State Award (1973, 1974, 1982, 1983) and the State Award Padmashri for literature (1999). In 2004 he received the Golden Life Time Achievement Award by the Sahitya Akademi.

© international literature festival berlin

further works:

Poetry

Golpitha
Moorkh Mhataryane
Tuhi Iyatta Kanchi?
Khel
Priya Darshin
Ya satteth Jiv Ramath naahin
Gaandu Bagichha (The Concept of Garden Eden)
Mee Marle Suryachya Rathaache saat ghode
Tuze Boat Dharoon me Chalallo Aahe

Prose

Hadki Hadavala
Negative Space
Ujedaachi Kali Dunia

Political Works
Savva Kaahi Samashtisathi
(Columns written in “Daily Saamana”)
Buddha dharwa: Kaahi Shesh prashna

Tuhi Iyatta Kanchi?
Ambedkara Prabodhini
Mumbai, 1981

Ambedkari Chalwal
Ambedkara Prabodhini
Mumbai, 1981

Bombay-Mumbai. Bilder einer Megastadt
[mit Henning Stegmüller u. Dilip Chitre]
A1
München, 1996
Übersetzung: Lothar Lutze

Andhale Shatak
Ambedkara Prabodhini
Mumbai, 1997

Übersetzer: Lothar Lutze